Researchers at UC San Francisco have used an electrocorticography (ECoG) implant to develop a brain-computer interface that does not need to be recalibrated and retrained each time it is used, allowing an experienced user to plug in and begin using the system at any time. The technique could allow for brain controlled prosthetic limbs or wheelchairs for disabled people.
“The brain computer interface field has made great progress in recent years, but because existing systems have had to be reset and recalibrated each day, they haven’t been able to tap into the brain’s natural learning processes. It’s like asking someone to learn to ride a bike over and over again from scratch,” said Karunesh Ganguly, a researcher involved in the study. “Adapting an artificial learning system to work smoothly with the brain’s sophisticated long-term learning schemas is something that’s never been shown before in a person with paralysis.”
A key aspect of the success of the new system is the ECoG array used by the researchers as a brain implant. The notepad sized electrode array is surgically placed on the brain surface, and is less invasive compared with traditional brain implants which penetrate the brain tissue and resemble a pin cushion. These traditional implant tend to move about in the tissue, making the signals they transmit somewhat unstable. They also suffer from immune rejection as the implants cause tissue damage. While the ECoG array is less sensitive, it appears to provide a more stable signal over time, making it more suitable for a plug and play system. Via…
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